How Can Respect Make Me A Better Student Essay

Understudies and instructors concur that there is regularly an absence of regard among educators and understudies, understudies and understudies, and instructors, understudies, and guardians. Understudies report that regard in the study hall is indispensable for the achievement of every understudy. They state instructors should be regarded by the understudies so as to successfully educate and understudies should be regarded by their educators so as to learn. Regard being a significant character characteristic, is most thoughtfully esteemed. We as a whole worth regard, as to if there wasn’t regard, society would be a terrible spot. Be that as it may, in what capacity can regard improve an understudy? Some portion of being conscious is to be obliging and kind. For understudies, models could be holding up to talk or not cheating. During school, I attempt my best to show how aware I can be by regarding my instructors, however in particular, my companions. As a matter of first impo rtance, so as to be a conscious understudy, you need to regard the educator instructing you. Most educators have experienced a long procedure of learning themselves so as to be up there at the front of the room instructing you. The best thing you could do consequently could be to regard them and their time. Consistently, there’s a part of time you have with each instructor. Obviously, they would abhor for you to burn through their time. Not exclusively are you imperiling your own chance to learn, yet you’re additionally endangering your peers’ openings by being an interruption. Intruding on class time is exceptionally impolite. The motivation behind why you’re in a teacher’s class is to essentially learn. On the off chance that you choose to disturb their class, you’re additionally upsetting the obligation of regard that the instructor has towards you. Simply think, how are you expected to appropriately get training if the instructor doesn't regard you? Second of all, another case of being conscious is regarding your companions. Itâ €™s plainly impolite for you to put them down, call them names, and dishearten them. I’m sure you might want for them to regard you. In the event that you give a specific regard, it’s programmed for them to regard you back. On the off chance that we as a whole regarded one another, the school condition would be significantly more serene. For instance, in the film we watched in class, the pioneer of aâ committee experienced difficulty with the individuals she was with in light of the fact that they weren’t being deferential of each other’s thoughts for an occasion the school was arranging. She expressed that the individuals in her board wouldn’t allow others to talk; when they really got something over each other’s minds, somebody would dishearten their thought. With assistance from a radio broadcast, she understood that on the off chance that they didn’t regard each other’s thoughts and stand by to talk, nothing would complete. She at that point said that toward the start of the following gathering, she would clarify that the â€Å"golden rule† would be flawless. In class, being a conscious individual toward a friend could be as straightforward as not cheating. You need to regard the way that that individual accomplished their work, and ought to be respected for that. Outside of class, a case of a conscious understudy could be if you’re strolling a few doors down and you catch somebody you especially don’t know excessively well, you would state â€Å"excuse me† as an indication of regard towards them. On the off chance that you’re an aware individual inside and outside of school, I’m almost certain you’d have a huge amount of companions and many individuals arranging needing to be your companion. That, yet being a conscious individual radiates an incredible impression towards instructors. In conclusion, another significant idea of being decent is having regard for yourself. On the off chance that individuals see that you don’t have regard for yourself, how are they expected to give you regard? Truly, you may regard them, yet on the off chance that you take a gander at the circumstance altogether, they can’t conceivably regard you realizing that you need sense of pride. The initial step into i ncreasing different people’s regard is to essentially have regard for yourself. At the point when others notice that, they’ll most certainly experience no difficulty in regarding you. When you have sense of pride, you can pick up others’ regard also. All in all, the inquiry: â€Å"How can regard make me a superior student?† made me think about a heap of genuine circumstances managing regard. In addition to the fact that you need to regard your older folks, instructors, and different understudies, yet you above all need to regard yourself. Subsequent to pondering that, I have reasoned that being a regarded understudy will take you puts. How might you proceed onward throughout everyday life if you’re not regarded? Regard is a valuable worth. One can pick up and lose regard in a flicker of an eye, or in a basic snap of fingers-simple as that. Being on your work, kind and obliging to everybody, and having a decent demeanor at most occasions will have instructors considering you a regarded understudy. Likewise, having teachers’â respect is very gift and in all probability, an understudy would be completely thankful.

Abex Chemicals, Inc. Essays - Blitar Regency, DraftPerkara 149, 150

Abex Chemicals, Inc. ABEX Chemicals, Inc. ABEX Chemicals, Inc. adalah salah saru produsen utama dari petrochemicals (terutama polyethylene). Selama 8 tahun terakhir ABEX menguasai kurang lebih 25% pangsa pasar petrochemical di Amerika Serikat. Namun demikian, persaingan dalam industri ini nampaknya akan semakin ketat, terutama dengan terjadinya ekspansi yang sangat agresif, dan kemungkinan akan terjadinya resesi pada satu sampai dua tahun mendatang. Berdasarkan analisis statistik, harga petrochemical yang diproduksi oleh ABEX diperkirakan akan terus menurun pada 12 hingga 18 bulan kedepan. Hal ini akan meningkatkan credit hazard perusahaan ini. Harga saham ABEX baru-baru ini juga mengalami penurunan dari $15 menjadi $9 per lembar. Kedua hal tersebut meningkatkan resiko dalam pemberian pinjaman pada Abex. Melihat kenyataan di atas, perlu kiranya dilakukan penilaian ulang terhadap credit hazard dari ABEX. Analisis akan bertitik berat pada 3 aspek penting, yaitu outside condition, organization essentials, dan stock value conduct. Hasil pengamatan terhadap ke-tiga aspek dapat dilihat sebagai berikut: Outside condition Walaupun pattern faktor-faktor ekonomi belum dapat diketahui dengan pasti, masalah utama yang dihadapi pada industri petrochemical ini bukanlah perubahan request, melainkan overcapacity. Seperti terlihat pada Exhibit 1, produksi polyethylene secara nasional diperkirakan tetap samapi tahun 10. Namun karena kapasitas produksi terus meningkat, maka working rate akan mengalami penurunan. Akibatnya tingkat persaingan akan terus meningkat, sementara harga produk menjadi semakin rendah. Namun demikian, dalam jangka panjang tingkat konsumsi polyethylene akan naik 4% per tahun, dan harga akan meningkat 5% per tahun mulai tahun 12. Organization key Pendapatan operasional Abex didapat terutama dari 2 jenis bisnis, yaitu pipeline appropriation of petroleum (gas transmission) dan petrochemical creation. Pendapatan dari distribusi gas diperkirakan akan berkurang, berkaitan dengan adanya penurunan produksi gas dan faktor-faktor yang membatasi perkembangan harga jual. Namun hasil analisis dapat memprediksikan tetap adanya peningkatan kecil, baik pada volume maupun tarif jasa distribusi tersebut. Information statisik sehubungan dengan usaha distribusi gas ini dapat dilihat pada Exhibit 1. Pendapatan dari produk-produk petrochemical lebih sulit diramalkan, karena sangat sensitif terhadap harga jual, biaya produksi, serta volume penjualan polyethylene. Faktor-faktor penting dalam estimasi pendapatan opersional dari bisnis ini adalah harga jual dan biaya produksi di masa datang, dan pangsa pasar dari ABEX. Pihak manajemen percaya bahwa struktur biaya produksi ABEX yang lebih rendah dapat membuat harga produksinya sangat kompetitif, sehingga memungkinkan tercapainya working rate yang lebih tinggi dibanding para pesaingnya. Information statisik sehubungan dengan bisnis produksi polyethylene ini dapat dilihat pada Exhibit 1. Stock value assessment Berlainan dengan analisis umumnya yang menggunakan limited income, evaluasi harga saham ini dititikberatkan pada nature of income, gaining power, yield, book esteem dan profit segments. Laporan Keuangan perusahaan, serta rasio-rasio keuangan yang digunakan salam analisis dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1 ? 3. Permasalahan Sehubungan dengan fixed salary venture yang dilakukan pada obligasi (bonds/long haul obligation) yang diterbitkan oleh ABEX, maka perlu dilakukan investigasi lebih lanjut pada kondisi perusahaan tersebut. Evaluasi harus dilakukan untuk mengetahui perubahan yang terjadi pada credit quality (chance) dari hutang jangka panjang ABEX dalam kurun 3 tahun terakhir (tahun 7 ? 9). Analisis dilakukan pada proportion keuangan terpenting (key budgetary proportions), yang difokuskan pada 3 aspek yaitu resource assurance, transient liquidity, dan procuring power. Jawaban Pertanyaan 1. Identifikasi terhadap 5 proportion keuangan (dari seluruh proportion yang tercantum Tabel 3) yang relevan terhadap insignificant 1 dari 3 aspek analisis diatas, serta interpretasi tingkat serta kecenderungannya dari tahun 7 sampai tahun 9. Proportion yang digunakan untuk menganalisis aspek resource security adalah net unmistakable advantage for long haul obligation serta long haul obligation to add up to capitalization. Untuk momentary liquidity ditinjau assortment period, sementara untuk gaining power dievaluasi berdasarkan pre-charge premium inclusion dan working income to long haul obligation. Sebenarnya stock period juga dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi momentary liquidity, namun karena bisnis distribusi gas tidak memiliki stock maka proportion ini tidak digunakan dalam analisis ini (terutama dalam memperbandingkan kedua bisnis yang diusahakan oleh ABEX). a/Net Tangible Assets to Long-term Debt R atio Proportion ini menggambarkan sejauh mana aset perusahaan dapat meng-spread hutang jangka panjangnya. Yang dilihat adalah perbandingan antara resource (yang tidak diragukan nilai serta realisasinya) terhadap jumlah long haul obligation. Besarnya proportion dalam 3 tahun terakhir adalah: Tahun Ratio 7 52.0% 8 34.7% 9 46.2% Pattern dari proportion ini ternyata menurun, walaupun terlihat adanya perbaikan pada tahun 9. Penurunan ini mungkin disebabkan oleh 2 sebab yang dapat terjadi sendiri-sendiri, atau dua-duanya sekaligus: Pertama, penurunan net substantial resource, yaitu penurunan jumlah resource yang nilai serta realisasinya dapat dipastikan. Hal ini dapat

Employment Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Work Law - Coursework Example Likewise, the legal executive appears to have laid its emphasis on the substance of the relationship instead of its structure for its characterisation in law. In this manner, a commonality of commitment, together with components of control, is generally observed as an essential for an agreement of work to exist. In any case, comprehend that all representatives are laborers yet not all specialists are workers. There are two principle meanings of the term ‘worker’ right now being used and them two put inside their ambit people who work/look to work under either an agreement of business or some other agreement accommodating individual commitment towards another gathering. As it were, a laborer is anybody, who works for someone else (not really under an agreement for business) other than in an expert or business relationship. Consequently the various kinds of laborers are as characterized by law, and this will undoubtedly have suggestions for work rights. This is on the grounds that; work rights and obligations depend on business status, and certain rights and duty apply just to ‘employees’ as opposed to ‘workers’. The pattern be that as it may, is by all accounts to augment the extent of law by stretching out legitimate rights to ‘workers’ and expelling separation between the two terms. 9 It is principal to business law that one can recognize the relationship, regardless of whether it be that of a representative or specialist or independent work or of an inexorably new assortment of connections that are coming up in the agreement of employment.10 This is in this way, in light of the fact that while the legitimate courses of action included could be of common fulfillment to the gatherings in question, it probably won't be all around characterized, in this way making it hard to sort for lawful analysis.11 Thus, it gets important to examine the different work connections, under which it is conceivable to attempt work and the methods through which they can be recognized in law. These connections under which, it is conceivable to attempt work include: I. Workers: The term ‘employee’ is characterized in S. 230, ERA.12 The essential necessity is an agreement of business. Be that as it may, to decide the presence of a worker boss relationship, it is important t o take a gander at the control test, hierarchical test and the commonality of commitments, alongside a commitment of individual service.13 II. Chiefs: Directors are officials of the organization. Be that as it may, there is nothing to keep chiefs from being workers. They can be representatives, if they have a help contract with the organization, either express or implied.14 Besides, it is likewise critical to take a gander at the work conditions, method of compensation, and other legitimate requirements.15 However, it is important to note on whether there has been utilization of the corporate cover to increase undue favorable position, and if that has been done, to deny the status of an employee.16 Thus, the status of a majoring investor or a chief as a worker is influenced, just if the business contract is a sham.17 III. Business Consultants: It is seen that individuals who work in a warning limit are not generally, carefully, representatives. Rather, they fall under the term †˜retainers’.18However, contingent upon the accurate and legitimate courses of action made, a business expert can be delegated an employee.19 IV. Office Holders: While a business contract was an essential to the work portrayed over, an extraordinary class exists, who are not utilized by ideals of agreement of business, and are known as office holders.20 Examples of such positions would incorporate trustees, cops, justices

Comparison Of Afghanistan War And Iraq War - Free Essay Example

The military involvement in Afghanistan and Iraq was a hunt for terrorism: The United States involvement in Afghanistan started with the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, D.C. which brought the world together in unity against a global threat by Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda. The United States was asked by the Taliban who was in control of Afghanistan for negotiations but this request was rejected by the United States who wanted to take military action against the terrorist. Operation Enduring freedom a joint operation of United States, Afghan Northern Alliance, United Kingdom and Canada began on October 7, 2001 by 2006 the control of the operation was given to Natos International Security Assistance Force. Prior to 9/11 and Operation Enduring Freedom. A government report was made on Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda stating that after a United States embassies attack in Kenya and Tanzania, the United States responded with cruise missile attack on Osama bin Laden failed and may have brought al-Qaeda and the Taliban together in one political and ideological group and this report was written in 1999. What I did find in the report that was interesting, Dr. Richter stated that the war against would not be won because terrorism will be a global problem (Dr. Gary W. Richte). With the information that I have found so far on the Afghanistan war, the United States government has plans in place prior to deal with al-Qaeda as well as the Taliban but when 9/11 took place those plans were put in to action. The United States involvement in Iraq: In 2003 President George W. Bush made an address to the American public that was televised that coalitions forces were in in the early part of operations in the effort to disarm Iraq and to put the focus liberating the Iraqi people from Saddam Hussein. Within 90 minutes after the dead line set on Saddam Hussein to leave or face the consequences of war the coalition started hitting the first targets Saddam Hussein went underground to hide from the assault that was raining down on the Iraqi government(History.com Staff). There was one problem after the invasion there was a lot of guerrilla fighting taking place after military victory, there was one issue and that was the lack of plans of a post Iraq security. There were several documents pertaining to the future of Iraq and one of these documents stood out; which took place a month before military actions in Iraq. The memorandum was for Under Secretary of State Paula Dobriansky stating that Recognizing that the military is reluctant to take on policing roles, the bureau heads predict that a failure to address short-term public security and humanitarian assistance concerns could result in serious human rights abuses which would undermine an otherwise successful military campaign, and our reputation internationally. This came on the heels of a warning that there was serious planning gaps for post-conflict public security and humanitarian assistance (DRL-Lorne W. Craner, PRM-Arthur E. Dewey, INL-Paul E. Simons). With looking at both Afghanistan War and the Iraq War you can see that the Afghanistan War was more prepared for was Iraq War in some ways prepared for except the end results of this action. The other thing about the Iraq War the country that set next door which is Iran and its influence that is spreading through Iraq and this is also happening in Afghanistan and this comes after the two wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Outline Of An Article And The Internet For Giving Me

Acknowledgments Although I have put full effort into this report, I still want to thank my family, friends and colleges for supporting me, guiding me and the constant supervision. I want to thank my professor Sana El-Azzeh for giving me the opportunity to do this amazing report. I also want to thank the authors that wrote the articles and the internet for providing me the accessibility to complete this report. Yassen Nateil Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 LISTS OF FIGURES AND TABLES 3 ABSTRACT 4 1.0 INTRODUCTION 5 2.0 BACKGROUND 6 3.0 MAIN CONTENT 7 3.1 Environmental Issues in North Carolina 7 3.2 Environmental Sensitivities 7 3.3 The Project Explanation and Characteristics 7 3.4 The Project Objectives 8 3.5 The†¦show more content†¦This data was gathered by research done on the internet. 1.0 Introduction The purpose of this report is to give a general background and information on Apple Corporation and their usage of renewable energy sources on and also will cover and talk about the solar design and biomass. This report was prepared by Yassen Nateil and was requested by Mrs. Sana Azzeh and has been requested on the 22nd of February and is due the 15th of March 2015. The information in this report has been gathered from internet sources. 2.0 Background Buildings are one of the world’s leading carbon dioxide emitters. Carbon dioxide is released into the earth everyday by modern technology and buildings caused by the using of fossil fuels to generate energy. Using renewable energy sources have a few several advantages, ranging from lower fuel bills, to cleaner air and less global warming are just some of the benefits. Some good design can actually reduce CO2 emissions and energy bills by almost two thirds. If there was a blackout in the city, you would still have electricity. Also you could sell electricity back to the grid at the premium if you have extra. The two types of renewable energy sources used are solar electricity and biomass fuel. The solar electricity is made when the rays of the sun shine directly onto the solar photo voltaic panels and convert that sunlight into electricity. Biomass generates energy by burning organic

The State Of Arizona Should Abolish The Sb1070 Law

As Franklin D. Roosevelt said â€Å"Remember, remember always, that all of us, and you and I especially, are descended from immigrants and revolutionists.†As much as people try twisting the president s words, president Roosevelt meant that this country was founded by immigrants, and therefore we should be accepting. 11.5 million can stand for many things but, in this case according to Pew Research Centers 11.5 million is the number of illegal immigrants that live in the United States as of 2013.One thing that everyone know’s is that Arizona is the number 1 state in the United States that has the most immigration problems. Arizona s anti-immigrant law, S.B. 1070, Lets Police ask the immigration status of anyone arrested or detained if they suspect that the person is not in the U.S. legally. with this new SB 1070 law it makes it so it is a crime to be caught without papers in the state of Arizona. The state of Arizona should abolish the SB1070 law. Let’s begin wit h the negative effects of the SB 1070 law. Racial discrimination, that’s exactly what this law is doing to Hispanics, it is racially discriminating. These state officials are guessing who is an immigrant and who isn’t by the color of their skin. According to American Progress â€Å"Under this law any person of color, or anyone with a foreign accent, can be required to prove their status and be jailed—regardless of whether they are a citizen or an immigrant—until they can do so.† How would these officials know who’s an

Examine the dramatic devices employed to create tension during Act three Scene one of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

Examine the dramatic devices employed to create tension during Act three Scene one of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay Romeo and Juliet is a conventional play; and yet an un-conventional play. It is based around tried and tested Shakespearian themes, such as love, tragedy and death. However, it is the only play penned by Shakespeare to begin with a prologue, this itself signifies some importance. The romantic tale begins with a description of how two star-crossed lovers are trapped between two warring families in Italian Verona; From forth the fatal loins of these two foes, A pair of star-crossd lovers take their life; Whose mis-adventured piteous overthrows, Do with their death bury their parents strife. From the prologue, which acts as an informative text rather than an intriguing introduction, you would possibly feel somewhat cheated as we are told the ending. However, more powerful questions are sparked, the most intense being why? To move onto Act three, Scene one, we have just seen the marriage of the two main characters, and we pick up the tale at the point in the play where the audiences attentions are beginning to wane: I pray thee, good Mercutio, lets retire: The day is hot, the Capulets are abroad And, if we shall meet, we shall not scape a brawl For now, these hot days, is the mad blood stirring. Here the premise of a fight scene immediately captures the audiences interest. Shakespeares language is incredibly figurative, his use of patheticfallacy in The day is hot is necessary because of the total lack of props and scenery, and so every detail of the surroundings needs to be described in the dialogue. The pre-modifier good acts as a pacifier, but of course the spectators hopes are now set on a dramatic show-down to close the play. At this point the tension is quickly mounting, through the use of Benvolios heated and claustrophobic language, and Mercutios repetition of quarrel. However, in the script there is the simple stage direction Enter TYBALT and others, we must appreciate this as a play to see as well as hear. Though costumes were almost non-existent, and there was no such thing as dramatic lighting or music, but the audiences anticipation of a fight would have given energy to the performance. Tybalts register and tone is quite a contrast to the Tybalt we meet earlier in the play. Gentlemen, good den: a word with one of you is much more civilised than the angry Tybalt of the party scene. Benvolio, the mediator, again attempts to sooth the situation; Either withdraw unto some private place, And reason coldly of your grievances, Mercutio as good as accuses Benvolio of looking for brawls in the street, but from the evidence above, that is a total reverse. Furthermore, Mercutio actually initiates the fight with Tybalt, even though he pleads his case for innocence to Benvolio only moments before. Romeo enters this tense scene just as the pressure is about to over flow. His deliberate characterisation is yet another dramatic device employed by Shakespeare to create even more tension in an already over excited scene. For example, Shakespeare deliberately contrasts Romeo and Tybalt by showing Tybalt as a strong and forceful speaker, with his use of dynamic verbs such as hate, and his clear denotative language. In comparison, Romeo is deliberately portrayed as an effeminate and calming character; I do protest, I never injured thee, But love thee better than thou canst devise, Till thou shalt know the reason of my love: And so, good Capulet, which name I tender As dearly as my own, be satisfied. .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa , .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa .postImageUrl , .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa , .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa:hover , .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa:visited , .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa:active { border:0!important; } .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa:active , .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1b66c0942526879188c7d749d58a2bfa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What are our expectations for the play to come? EssayJuliet has quite clearly pacified Romeo; making him the less impulsive and irrational character he was at the start of the performance. We begin to identify with Romeo as he pleads with his now cousin-in-law; as we can see that he has shrugged off the impetuousness of youth, to become a rounded character. Romeos influence on Tybalt helps to slow down the action, while also allowing the tension to momentarily dip, and let the audience take a metaphorical breath before the next burst of action. If the play was put onto a graph, there would be high points and low points, but if the play was to remain at permanently high tension, the following action from Romeo and Tybalt would not seem as dramatic as it would if the graph dipped just before. The stage direction they fight cannot be fully explored on the page, especially how every rendition of Romeo and Julie, hereafter puts a new spin on the declarative they fight. Shakespeares use of humour closely links in to his use of puns. Mercutios Ay, ay, a scratch, a scratch helps to alleviate dramatic tension with comic relief, so too with the famous pun; ask for me to-morrow, and you shall find me a grave man After the vivid flash of violence from Romeo he claims he is fortunes fool, which makes the audience feel pathos and further identify with Romeos impossible position. This all helps to calm down the action, so allowing the tension to mount again for a dramatic final climax. Act three, Scene one is vital to Romeo and Juliet. It captures the audience as effectively as the prologue, and stops the viewers from feeling restless during the closing stages of the play. It invigorates the audiences after a relatively bland middle stint, and so gives the audience a thirst for the final resolution, and gives the actors the energy to provide it.

Role of Social Media in Impacting Consumer Behaviour in Particular Market Segment Essay Example

Role of Social Media in Impacting Consumer Behaviour in Particular Market Segment Essay HOW SOCIAL MEDIA IS IMPACTING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR FOR A PARTICULAR MARKET SEGMENT [pic] Presented By: Rohan Bhardwaj Anupam Nagar Sumit Kumar Prateek TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Literature Review. 4. Objectives. 5. Research methodology. 6. Results. 7. Findings 8. Appendix 9. Conclusions and Recommendations. 10. Limitations. 11. References ABSTRACT The global proliferation of the internet over the last decade has substantively changed the traditional buyer-seller exchange dynamics through ts high volume-high speed information flow capabilities. Businesses can now directly communicate in real time with one another throughout their value chains to create value for their consumers. Likewise, the consumers can communicate with businesses, third party independent information providers, actual users and/or potential users of a product across the globe for obtaining better value for their money spent on purchasing products and services. On the consumer side, the internet has provided tremendous access of consumption-related information to consumers worldwide and the global flow of information has therefore given a fresh impetus to allow consumers to participate in obtaining value through several new types of marketing exchanges such as auctions (e. g. Ebay) or reverse auctions (e. g. Priceline). The academic literature is increasingly recognizing the new role of the consumer as the co-creator of value in the buyer-seller relationship (Payne et al. 2008). Vargo and Lusch (2004) argue that the customer is always a co-creator of value: There is no value until an offering is used—experience and perception are essential to value determination. The focus of consumer flocking in the internet buying context is the tendency for individual consumers to take charge of the online shopping channel and integrate it with their other online communications, especially social communications at sites like Facebook. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Social Media in Impacting Consumer Behaviour in Particular Market Segment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Social Media in Impacting Consumer Behaviour in Particular Market Segment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Social Media in Impacting Consumer Behaviour in Particular Market Segment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer While still in its rudimentary stage, consumer flocking has promise in creating a win-win economic scenario for consumers and marketers. For instance, by quickly bringing together large groups (â€Å"flocks†) of consumers through their communications within existing social networks, marketers can achieve a quick turnover of unsold inventories and thereby lower their production and transaction costs. Likewise, by using consumer â€Å"flocks†, the service providers can fill up their unsold services during lean periods, thereby smoothening the peaks and valleys of service utilization. Apart from these strong economic benefits, consumer flocking, in principle, can enable the marketers to accelerate the arrival of late-adopters into market. On the consumer side, they perceive victory because they obtain more value for their money than what they could have obtained if acting individually. In effect, consumers would create greater value for themselves—globally. The focus of this paper is the individual consumers’ propensity to flock for creating value for themselves and the process and formation of consumer flocks. Next, we define and characterize consumer flocking and propose factors that influence the consumer’s propensity to flock on the internet. We then discuss the role of social media in supporting this behavior and examine the role of certain consumers we call catalyzers in the flocking process. Organizations are increasingly using online communities to interact with customers, but marketers identify a number of key obstacles standing in the way of community effectiveness. A survey of more than 500 companies that are using online communities and other research to identify characteristics of successful communities. Marketers should understand key human characteristics as thoroughly as the Web 2. 0 and social media tools they employ when interacting with customers through online communities and that by keeping these human attributes in mind, marketers may foster more successful community deployments. Therefore, social media not only is impacting the consumer behavior but also helping us understand it. Internet has not only given marketers an opportunity to better understand the consumer need but it has also given consumer , myriad options of a specific product to choose from. This study by us, tries to identify the impact of social media on specific market segment and also the possible marketing strategies. INTRODUCTION Successful companies are adopting social media tools to meet an array of goals including communicating more effectively, monitoring their brands and researching perspective employees. More of them are blogging, tweeting and networking than ever before, and the trend looks like it will continue. Longitudinal data on the Inc. 500 and the Fortune 500 shows social media is fast becoming an integral part of a company’s marketing strategy and that the social media tools of choice are shifting. The internet has upended how consumers engage with brands. It is transforming the economics of marketing and making obsolete many of the functions traditional strategies and structures. For marketers, the old way of doing business is unsustainable. Consider this: Not long ago, a car buyer would methodically pare down the available choices until he arrived at the one that best met his criteria. A dealer would reel him in and make the sale. The buyers relationship with both the dealer and the manufacturer would typically dissipate after the purchase. But today, consumers are promiscuous in their brand relationships: They connect with myriad brandsthrough new media channels beyond the manufacturers and the retailers control or even knowledgeand evaluate a shifting array of them, often expanding the pool before narrowing it. After a purchase these consumers may remain aggressively engaged, publicly promoting or assailing the products theyve bought, collaborating in the brands development, and challenging and shaping their meaning. Consumers still want a clear brand promise and offerings they value. What has changed is whenat what touch pointsthey are most open to influence, and how you can interact with them at those points. In the past, marketing strategies that put the lions share of resources into building brand awareness and then opening wallets at the point of purchase worked pretty well. But touch points have changed in both number and nature, requiring a major adjustment to realign marketers strategy and budgets with where consumers are actually spending their time. The use of social media by consumer is increasing with 83% of the internet population using social media . Companies have followed suite, embracing social media as a way to market to their consumers. With more consumers and organizations using social media, the question that has yet to really be addressed is – are these companies receiving a return on their investment? With 81% of surveyed executives expecting to increase the money spent on social media projects and reduce traditional marketing, there is still little research on the effect of social media on purchasing decisions . Previous research is conflicting with some consumers leaning towards the idea that social media does influence a purchase decision and some lean away, saying that social media has little influence. Additionally, it’s important to understand if there is a difference between gender and different age groups and how social media influences these different groups when it comes to purchasing decisions. The results of this study will start addressing these questions and concerns surrounding the larger picture of social media and purchasing decisions. LITERATURE REVIEW THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN ONLINE CONSUMER FLOCKING Wikipedia describes social media as the online technologies and practices that people use to share opinions, insights, experiences, and perspectives with each other. Social media began with personal email communications of the early 1990’s to the current social networking communications at Twitter. com, Facebook. com, MySpace. com and Ning. om. Media itself has evolved from broadcast where audiences are assumed to be passive recipients of information and interactive which is less passive and allows for some feedback from the recipients to social where audience involvement is active and are very often co-creators of content, context, and connections. Nedelka (2008) categorizes all social media into three groups: content syndication (blogs, podcasts, videocasts) , content sharing (user-generated content, wikis, widgets, reviews) and community building (social networks, online communities). However, the context of this paper is more specific: how are group buying communities formed and what are the characteristics of the participants? These group buying communities—here on called consumer flocks—are consumer-initiated, private, user-created sites set up specifically for aggregating buyers, users, and other influencers for an e-commerce exchange. These participants of the consumer flock derive greater economic value (lower prices) than purchasing as individuals. In the past, sites such as mercata. com, accompany. com, letsbuyit. om and mobshop. com have attempted to aggregate buyers though with a professional or business profit motive. A new site, eSwarm. com, intends to provide a similar platform but was not launched as of date. While all social media provide a channel for consumer flocking, social network sites provide a powerful vehicle for consumer aggregation on the internet. The purpose of many-to-many communications is succinctly described thus: a so cial trend in which â€Å"†¦people using technologies to get the things they need from one another †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Social network sites are defined as â€Å"web-based services that allow individuals to (1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system (Boyd and Ellison, 2008). Charron et al. (2006) propose that social computing will lead to the new product innovation process to shift from top-down to bottom-up, the value to the consumer will shift from ownership to experience and power will shift from institutions to communities (consumers). Based on Li and Bernoff (2008), Forrester Research Inc. is recognizing the impact social technologies have on the performance of companies and satisfying their customer by instituting awards for best practices in these categories: listening, talking, energizing, supporting, embracing, managing, and social impact. As we can see, social media impacts all stages of the consumption process, from product innovation and creation to the consumption and use experience of the consumer. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PROPENSITY FOR CONSUMER FLOCKING There are several reasons which motivate an individual buyer to self-organize on the internet. Such factors as willingness to flock, the need for socialization, online trust and online commitment influence the individual’s propensity to flock. Further, social, structural and financial bonds drive the process of flock formation as does newly found consumer power. The higher the individually perceived economic, social or psychological value, the higher will be the consumer’s propensity for flocking on the internet. Willingness to flock is one of the most important factors that determine whether there will be a deal or not. This willingness to flock will depend on the specific product offered by the marketer to the flock and the accompanying price and may be limited to a particular size, color or technical configuration. There are several concepts from existing research streams that impact the propensity to flock. According to Klein, 2005 traditional group buying draws on the economic value created in the process for the buyer (and seller). This remains the key motivation for individual consumers to self-organize. Learning and conditioning theories (Bandura, 1977; Rescorla and Solomon, 1967) suggest that expectation of positive reinforcements and the resulting feelings of self-efficacy may induce consumers to group or flock. While the key value that individuals in an online community site derive would not be only economic in nature, the purpose of consumer flocking is to obtain enhanced economic value in the purchase transaction. Theories related to cognitive consistency (Festinger, 1957) posit that consumer flocking reduces psychological tension by providing consistency and continuity with the online group. Proposition 1: Higher level of the willingness to flock will lead to a greater propensity to flock. Literature in the areas of social groups, social exchange theory and group influence processes provide several factors influencing consumer flocking. Group socialization literature posits the need for socialization, assuming a presence of norms (Moreland and Levine, 1982), to be a driving force for an individual. Further, trust that develops between and within existing and new members in a consumer flock will encourage group socialization. Literature in the formation and continuation of reference groups address the concepts of group conformity, avoidance of conflict and affiliation through membership. The current members of a consumer flock may influence the new or potential members if these new members feel a degree of similarity with the group characteristics, values and beliefs (Merton, 1968), there is sustained interaction with others and they consider the flock’s leaders as â€Å"significant others† (Bock et al. , 1983). Network theory forwards the concepts of cohesion and homophily as drivers of network and dyad formation. Proposition 2: Higher level of group socialization will lead to a greater propensity to flock. One of the central concept in the relationship marketing literature that may be applied to the online context are online trust. In a large-scale empirical study of online trust, Bart et al. (2005) examine several types of websites and indicate the key drivers of online trust. The authors define online trust based on consumer perceptions against expectations, believability of the information and confidence in the site. For the â€Å"society and community† category—the category that comes close to our context of social media—the key drivers identified by the authors were â€Å"privacy, absence of errors and community features†. While they identify â€Å"information risk† to be a factor for such sites, we would expect social risk and psychological risk as relevant factors for social media and would impact the member’s online trust. Other research considers competence and dependability of site sponsor, security of site, and reliability as drivers of trust online. Proposition 3: Higher level of the perceived online trust will lead to a greater propensity to flock. Hsieh et al. (2005) studied the impact of social, structural and financial bonds on search, experience andcredence goods/services bought online. They found that for search goods—typically, most tangible products—financial bonds may have the greatest impact on online commitment. However, considering the context of the channel, it is expected that social bonds would play a role in the continued commitment of the participants. Literature in social psychology suggests that self-efficacy and (product) expertise would impact an individual’s motivation to join a consumer flock online. Proposition 4: Higher level of social bonds as perceived by the consumer will lead to a greater propensity to flock. The phenomenon of the shifting of consumer power on the internet has been of interest to scholars (Li and Bernoff, 2008; McConnell and Huba, 2007; Pitt et al. , 2002; Rezabakhsh et al. , 2006). Pitt et al. 2002) discuss the following trends that have increased consumer power in the internet domain: access to accurate, unbiased information; ability to talk to lots of other consumers; ability to band together with lots of other customers; heightening awareness of a firm’s shortcomings; quickly finding legal information; and talking to firms in the public domain. Rezabakhsh et al. (2006) have studied the well-accepted bases of power proposed by French and Raven (1959) to the internet context and conclude d that the expert,sanction and legitimate bases of power are the most relevant for study. When consumers perceive the organizer or lead initiator of the target website to have the qualities of expert, sanction and legitimate power they are more likely to be attracted to the site. Proposition 5: A greater perception of (i) expert, (ii) sanction and (iii) legitimate bases of power of the lead initiator of the website will lead to a greater propensity to flock. One important determinant of action by the consumer to flock is the perceived value of the transaction. Several benefits and costs that may be considered in determining the value to the consumer (and discussed earlier in the paper) include: potential for lower purchase price; price dynamics, aggregate bidding behavior and individual’s economic benefit (Kauffman and Wang, 2001); expectation of positive reinforcement (psychic benefit) or reduction of psychological tension due to cohesion and homophily (safety-in-numbers); need for socialization, group conformity and affiliation, and avoidance of conflict (social or group benefits); and search, information, communication, and coordination costs (Klein, 2005). Proposition 6: A higher perceived value of the transaction at the website will lead to a greater propensity to flock. Consumers and Social Media Social media has become a household name among organizations and society. Knowledge Networks reports that 83% of the internet population uses social media, with 47% of those using it on a weekly basis. According to the Nielsen Company, globally, consumers spent more than 5. 5 hours on social networking sites in December 2009 which is an 82% increase year-over-year, when users were spending three-plus hours on social networking sites. Facebook was the top social networking site in December, with 67% of global users visiting the site that month. In the U. S, people have continued to spend more time on social networking sites, with total minutes increasing 210% year-over-year in December 2009. Additionally, the time per person increased 143% year-over-year. Facebook and Twitter continue to lead the pack with year-over-year growth spent by U. S increasing 200% and 368%. According to a study by the Pew Research Center and contrary to how social media statistics appear, adults make up the bulk of these users on social networks in comparison to teens. Adults make up a larger portion of the population than teens, because the 35% of adults represents a higher number of users than 65% of teens. That said, younger adults in the 18-24 age group are much more likely to use social networks with 75% compared to 7% of adults 65-plus. Facebook, which recently surpassed yahoo as the second most visited website, saw its user base grow from 42 million to 103 million in 2009 which is a 144. 8% growth rate. The 35-plus age group represents more than 30% of the entire user base and the 55-plus age group grew 922. % in 2009. Social Media in Organizations Given these types of numbers, it’s no surprise that organizations have also begun to embrace social media for business. According to the 2010 Digital Marketing Outlook, 81% of executives surveyed are expecting an increase in social media projects and will be investing more money into digital projects and reducing the money spent on traditional marketing. The survey also showed that social n etworks were high on the to-do list with 45% reporting that they were a top priority in 2010. When looking at Fortune 100 companies, 54% are on Twitter, 32% have a blog and 29% have an active Facebook page. Only 17% of companies are using all three of the above social networks, with the average Fortune 100 Twitter account having 5,234 followers. The median is 674 followers. It’s not only large businesses increasing in social media use. According to a BIA/Kelsey Local Commerce Monitor study, there’s increasing interest from small and mid-size businesses putting social media to work for them. The report showed that 9% of mid-size companies use Twitter and 32% plan to use social media in the next 12 months. According to the study by Coleman-Parks Research of the importance of business social media marketing, 84% of North American companies feel they require new methods to interact with customers, including social media. The study states that companies who do not use social media do so â€Å"at their own peril,† meaning they are missing opportunities to grow and are likely to find themselves behind companies who embrace media tools. Companies who do use social media reported the following: †¢ Improved Feedback 78% †¢ Improved Customer Satisfaction 66% †¢ Improved Customer support 71% †¢ Increased Sales 40% Improved public perception of company 75% Engagement with Consumers On the other end of the spectrum, consumers are engaging with brands on social networks more. According to a 2008 Cone Business Social Media Study , 60 percent of Americans use social media and of those, 50 percent interact with companies on social media web sites. Additionally, 93 percent of social media users believe a company should have a presence in social media, and to top that off, 85 percent believe that a company should also interact with its consumers resulting in a stronger connection and being better served. A study of media use of college students confirmed that four out of every 10 college students have reported friending a brand on a social network, compare to 19 percent of adults A new study conducted by ForeSee Results of nearly 10,000 visitors to the 40 largest U. S. retail sites found that 56% of shoppers are friends, following or subscribing to a retailer on social networking sites, particularly Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. It also found that more than half of all online shoppers use Facebook, but only a quarter of the top 100 retailers by sales volume have their own presence on Facebook . Influence on Purchasing Decisions The question to be asked is- are users visiting social media sites to help make purchasing decisions? Even though 83% of the internet population participates in social media, one study reports that less than 5% of those users go to the social sites for guidance on purchasing decisions. Along with that, only 16% of the users say that they would be more likely to buy from companies that advertise on the sites. According to a Pew Internet study on adults and social network sites, social media sites are mostly used for personal networking with 89% using their online profiles to keep up with friends, 57% using their profile to make plans with friends and 49% using them to make new friends. Additionally, according to the eMarketer â€Å"Women’s Survey,† even though more than one-half of women are active in social media, 74. 8% reported not being influenced by it when it came to purchase decisions and just over one-fifth said they were somewhat influenced and only 3. 3% reported greater influence. Additionally, female internet users said they were much more likely to say online purchase decision were affected by coupons and discounts, product ratings, and online advertisements, than by online communities (Are Women Really Ignoring Social Networking, 2009). That said, an iProspect research study showed that social networking sites are influencing the purchasing decisions of a meaningful percentage of the internet users who visit them. For example, according to new data from comScore, nearly $16 billion was spent during the first 36 days of the 2009 holiday shopping season (Nov. ) which was a 3% increase versus 2008. What also was found was that 28% of shoppers said that social media influenced their purchases in 2009. A study by DEI and OTX on the impact of social media on purchasing decision showed that consumers rely on different social networking sites, as much as company websites for brand/product information. Companies that use social media in an engaging way with their cu stomers increase their likelihood of them making a purchase. Sixty percent of people reported that they pass along information they receive online in social media websites and two-thirds agreed that recommendations from other people could influence their purchase decisions. Additionally, talking with a brand representative online was shown to strong influence the purchasing decision . Companies using social media are reporting returns on investments (ROI) from using social media. Dell, who established their Twitter account over two years ago, claimed to have brought in more than $3 million from Twitter followers who clicked through their posts, to the web site, and followed through with a purchase. An Atlanta aquarium had their staff spend a minimal amount of time and resources to send out information through Facebook, MySpace and Twitter, with their efforts bringing in $42,000 – equating to 2,500 admission tickets. Yet, the aquarium admits that it’s hard to say how many people would have come without the promotion and how many came because they received a discount . Naked Pizza, an all-natural New Orleans pizza place has also generated a positive ROI due to their social media efforts. Co-founder Jeff Leach says he was able to drive 15% of his daily revenues with Twitter and of those, 90% were new customers . OBJECTIVES 1. To determine whether or not consumers are influenced to make a purchase by brands/organizations using social media 2. To determine whether gender is a factor 3. To determine whether age is a factor 4. To determine whether time spent on social networks is a factor 5. To understand the concept of â€Å"consumer flocking†. METHODOLOGY Social media use is increasing and it’s followed by a rise in the number of brands/organizations investing more time and money into marketing, advertising, and interacting with consumers via social networks. Little research has taken place on whether the time and money spent, contributes to a consumer’s decision to make a purchase. This study was undertaken to: 1. Address whether or not consumers are influenced to make a purchase by brands/organizations using social media 2. Determine whether gender is a factor 3. Determine whether age is a factor 4. Determine whether time spent on social networks is a factor Subject Selection and Description The subjects in this study were randomly asked via social networks if they would like to take an online, anonymous survey. There were no limitations as to who could take the survey. The survey addressed: - Whether the participants use social media. What social networks they use? -How much time they spend on social networks? -Whether they connect with brands on social networks? -Whether they make purchases online and how many. -Whether they interact with brands on social networks. -Whether they’ve made a purchase because of a brand on a social network. -Whether they think the brands on social networks influence purchasing decisions. -Their age group -Their gender Data Collection Procedures During the time period of 10TH OCTOBER TO 25TH OCTOBER 2011, an 11-question survey was sent electronically to 30 people via email, asking them to take the survey. Additionally, the survey was open to voluntary participants using Facebook and Twitter. The participants in the email were selected specifically target those people who may or may not use social media. The use of Facebook and Twitter was used to target those participants who do use social media. Data Analysis Data analysis included calculating percentages of responses for each question addressed. The percentages of the data will then be analyzed to determine if it’s probable that people make purchasing decision based on their interaction with a brand on social media and any significant correlations. Limitations Limitations of the study are that: 1. It was not determined whether or those answer yes to being influenced to make a purchase online because of a brand/organization being on a social network, wouldn’t have made the purchase otherwise. 2. The study does not address whether or not organizations report an increase in sales that come directly via social media. . This is partially a convenience sample and maybe not be representative of the population RESULTS During the time period of 10TH OCTOBER TO 25TH OCTOBER 2011, an 11-question survey was given to 30 participants to assess their social media usage and whether or not interacting with a brand on social media influenced a purchasing decision. The participants in the email were selected specifically target t hose people who may or may not use social media. The use of Facebook and Twitter was used to target those participants who do use social media. RESULTS USE The data showed that 28% of participants used social media for personal use only, 25% used social media for business use only and 22% used social media for personal and business use. TYPES Facebook was on top with 88% of participants, followed by 48% on You Tube, 37% on LinkedIn and Twitter and 28% on Flickr. TIME Most participants spend five hours or less using social media (51%), with 28% spending six to 10 hours, 8% spending 11-20 hours and 2% spending more than 25 hours a week. CONNECTIONS Fifty-four percent of participants are connected to brands via social media. Of those, 25% interact with brands on social media. Of those 25% that interact with brands, 20% have 14 purchased a product online or in store because of an interaction. Of that 20%, online coupons and reviews contributed to the purchases sometimes (8%), always (5%), rarely (2%), and never (8%). Also of that 20%, all of had made purchases online at least once to more than 30 purchases. Of those connected and not connected to brands, 20% of participants said that definitely yes, purchase decisions are influenced by brand interaction, 60% think probably yes, and 14% probably no. FINDINGS Given these statistics, we step back to answer some of the questions addressed in the literature review. Give the small sample size, we cannot consider these results to be representative of the population but they do lead to the following conclusions: We can consider it to be true that consumers’ purchasing decisions can be influenced by their interaction with brands via social media, given that 20% of the 54% of participants that interacted with brands have made a purchase because of that interaction. We can consider it to be true that purchasing decisions influenced by brands may or may not be also influenced by online coupons or reviews. When it came to think about whether others’ purchasing decision are influenced by brands, 60% said it’s probable, while 20% said it’s likely. There was no distinct correlation between those who said it was probable and those that actually made a purchase because of the interaction. Age and gender may or may not be a contributing factor. The correlations were not significant. It’s probable that the more time spent on social networks, the more likely a consumer is to be influenced by a purchasing decision given that of the 20% that made a purchase, 8% spent 6 to 10 hours and 8% spent 11 to 20 hours on social networks. Additionally, all of those that were influenced to make a purchasing decision used Facebook. Further research from a representative sample will need to be completed to more deeply understand what exactly in the interaction with the brand is affecting a consumer’s purchasing decision including the types of interactions, larger demographic samples, and focus groups to discuss the nature of purchasing decisions and whether these purchases would have taken place 16 regardless of the participation. Future research will also have to be done from the analytics side of a company, for example, how many people came in from a social media site and made a purchase. APPENDIX Social Media Survey 1. Do you currently use social media tools? Yes for personal use only Yes for business use only Yes for personal and business use No (skip to question 9) 2. If yes, which social media tools do you use? (check all that apply) Facebook Twitter MySpace Linkedin Flickr You Tube Technorati Digg Delicious Other, please specify 3. On average, how much time do you spend per week using social media tools? 0 5 hours 10 hours 11 20 hours 25+ hours 4. Are you connected to any brands/organizations on social networks? (e. g. Being a Facebook fan of Pepsi or following airlines on Twitter) Yes No (skip to question 6) 5. Do you interact with brands/organizations on social networks? Yes No 6. On average, how many online purchases do you make per year? I dont buy online 1 5 6 10 11 20 21 3025 31+ 7. Have yo u purchased a product online or in-store because of your interaction with a brand/organization on a social network? Yes No (skip to question 9) I dont interact with brands/organizations (skip to question 9) . As part of that interaction that led to a purchase, did coupons or online reviews from others contribute to your purchasing decision(s)? Yes, always Yes, sometimes Yes, rarely No, never 9. Do you think that a brand/organization being on a social network influences the purchasing decisions of others? Definitely Yes Probably Yes Definitely No Probably No 10. Gender Male Female 11. Age Under 18 18 25 26 31 32 40 41 50 51+ CONCLUSION In conclusion, from the research we can consider the following items to be true: From the research, we can consider that the following items might or might not be true: Although it’s possible that feedback, customer satisfaction, and public perception are results of social media use by organizations, does the fact that they are using it via social media translate to a sale that might have not happened otherwise. Are organizations clearly investigating their social media ROI versus traditional ROI? This research study seeks to answer some of the above questions including: Are consumers influenced by a purchase solely because the brand is using social media, not necessarily if they are engaging with the chosen tool? Is age or gender a factor in the influence of social media and purchase decisions? Are consumers more likely to buy if influenced with a coupon via a social site, in comparison to a coupon offered elsewhere (direct mail)? Are consumers more likely to purchase a product if a brand is providing product information via a social network? RECOMMENDATIONS For years, marketers assumed that consumers started with a large number of potential brands in mind and methodically winnowed their choices until theyd decided which one to buy. After purchase, their relationship with the brand typically focused on the use of the product or service itself. [pic]. NOW THE CONSUMER DECISION JOURNEY New research shows that rather than systematically narrowing their choices, consumers add and subtract brands from a group under consideration during an extended evaluation phase. After purchase, they often enter into an open-ended relationship with the brand, sharing their experience with it online. [pic]. Consider Buy Marketers often overemphasize the consider and buy stages of the journey, allocating more resources than they should to building awareness through advertising and encouraging purchase with retail promotions. Evaluate Advocate New media make the evaluate and advocate stages increasingly relevant. Marketing investments that help consumers navigate the evaluation process and then spread positive word of mouth about the brands they choose can be as important as building awareness and driving purchase. Bond If consumers bond with a brand is strong enough, they repurchase it without cycling through the earlier decision-journey stages. By David C. Edelman David C. Edelman ([emailprotected] com) is a coleader of McKinsey Companys Global Digital Marketing Strategy practice. Idea in Brief Consumers today connect with brands in fundamentally new ways, often through media channels that are beyond manufacturers and retailers control. That means traditional marketing strategies must be redesigned to accord with how brand relationships have changed. Once, a shopper would systematically winnow his brand choices to arrive at a final selection and complete his engagement by making a purchase. Now, relying heavily on digital interactions, he evaluates a shifting array of options and remains engaged with the brand through social media after a purchase. Smart marketers will study this consumer decision journey for their products and use the insights they gain to revise strategy, media spend, and organizational roles. Block That Metaphor Marketers have long used the famous funnel metaphor to think about touch points: Consumers would start at the wide end of the funnel with many brands in mind and narrow them down to a final choice. Companies have traditionally used paid-media push marketing at a few well-defined points along the funnel to build awareness, drive consideration, and ultimately inspire purchase. But the metaphor fails to capture the shifting nature of consumer engagement. In the June 2009 issue of McKinsey Quarterly, my colleague David Court and three coauthors introduced a more nuanced view of how consumers engage with brands: the consumer decision journey (CDJ). They developed their model from a study of the purchase decisions of nearly 20,000 consumers across five industriesautomobiles, skin care, insurance, consumer electronics, and mobile telecomand three continents. Their research revealed that far from systematically narrowing their choices, todays consumers take a much more iterative and less reductive journey of four stages: consider, evaluate, buy, and enjoy, advocate, bond. CONSIDER. The journey begins with the consumers top-of-mind consideration set: products or brands assembled from exposure to ads or store displays, an encounter at a friends house, or other stimuli. In the funnel model, the consider stage contains the largest number of brands; but todays consumers, assaulted by media and awash in choices, often reduce the number of products they consider at the outset. EVALUATE. The initial consideration set frequently expands as consumers seek input from peers, reviewers, retailers, and the brand and its competitors. Typically, theyll add new brands to the set and discard some of the originals as they learn more and their selection criteria shift. Their outreach to marketers and other sources of information is much more likely to shape their ensuing choices than marketers push to persuade them. BUY. Increasingly, consumers put off a purchase decision until theyre actually in a storeand, as well see, they may be easily dissuaded at that point. Thus point of purchasewhich exploits placement, packaging, availability, pricing, and sales interactionsis an ever more powerful touch point. ENJOY, ADVOCATE, BOND. After purchase, a deeper connection begins as the consumer interacts with the product and with new online touch points. More than 60% of consumers of facial skin care products, my McKinsey colleagues found, conduct online research about the products after purchasea touch point entirely missing from the funnel. When consumers are pleased with a purchase, theyll advocate for it by word of mouth, creating fodder for the evaluations of others and invigorating a brands potential. Of course, if a consumer is disappointed by the brand, she may sever ties with itor worse. But if the bond becomes strong enough, shell enter an enjoy-advocate-buy loop that skips the consider and evaluate stages entirely. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The limitations of this study are: 1. There is a short time-frame allowing for only one survey, test period and a small number of those surveyed. 2. There is not enough long-term research on behalf of organizations to track the possible purchase influence. 3. This study will not track actual purchases. Results will be based upon survey results. 4. This study will not take into account how organizations are using social media, and if they are using it as effectively as possible. Methodology Data will be obtained through the use of an online survey. REFERENCES 1. JOURNAL OF ACADEMY OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS, Volume 9, Number 3, 2009 2. September 2010 Journal OF Advertising Research. 3. May 2009 Harvard Business Review and Harvard Business Publishing Newsletter content on EBSCOhost 4. Wikipedia

African American essays

African American essays Being African American has never been easy. White America has always been stereotypical of black people, although blacks have shaped American history through inventions, sports, and political science. The way White America has looked at blacks has never changed. No matter how much money you have, youre still a nigga. African Americans have been fighting for equality since the birth of this nation, and the war is raging on. At this point in Americas history, a battle of epic proportions is taking place. The objective is to get "mainstream" America to realize that there is still much more to be done to eliminate the crimes that have been perpetrated and perpetuated against so-called minorities in this democracy. After committing genocide against Native Americans, and securing the slave trade one of the most heinous situations that the world has seen are "minorities" supposed to be pleased by mere legislation in the form of Civil rights? After centuries of free labor, and leaving thousands of people homeless and/or with no economic power, does America truly believe that it has rid itself of this situation by exclaiming, "You are equal!" A Black man goes to see an apartment after calling the landlord to make sure that it was still available. After seeing the man in person, the landlord becomes uncomfortable and says the apartment is rented. This is an example of stereotyping that we as black people see everyday. In the State of New Jersey, for example, Blacks were almost five times more likely as other drivers to be stopped by the police on the highway. Some argue that infamous cases of police brutality against Blacks - the beating of Rodney King in Los Angeles in 1991, the rape of Abner Louima in 1997 and the killing of Amadou Diallo, a West African immigrant. New York City police shot at the ma ...

Community Corrections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Community Corrections - Essay Example The National Institute of Justice created and funded a program and devised a multi-year and multi-site federal effort; The Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative. This initiative was created in confidence of improving reentry outcomes and evaluating this with five factors; criminal justice, employment, education, health, and housing. The program initially began in 2003, allowing the national Institute of Justice to track the success of the program (National Institute of Justice, 2012) Sixteen programs were divided among 14 states and included 12 adult and 4 juvenile facilities. The purpose of the program was not starting a new program but to increase funding and resources available to existing programs. Partnerships were formed between supervision agencies, correction agencies, state and local level agencies and any faith based agency’s that have approved programs with the Department of Corrections. Participants were each considered a violent offender, each below the age of 35, and represented all three stages of reentry; in prison, post release with supervision and post-supervision. The evaluation of this program sought to define how and if the program could lead to more integrated services among agencies, to what extent were participants in this program receiving services as compared to those who were not in the program and did the outcomes and benefits far exceed the cost of the program (Lattimore, & Steffey, 2009, p Es-5). In February of 2012 a final report was released with the findings of this study and recommendations for this community corrections program and initiative. Prisoner Reentry Services The program focused on 12 different reentry factors that were identified as crucial pre-release. These factors were known to be contributive to the success of the offender once released. The offender should have a case manager, who has assessed his /her needs, a reentry plan; the offender should have completed some programs while incarcerated; d id the offender attempt or successfully achieve this? Were life skills evaluated and any life skills education courses taken or available, did the offender take part in any prerelease employment services, mental health treatment or substance abuse treatment should have been available and provided to the offender, were personal relationship skills developed during incarceration?, Attitude counseling related to criminal thinking and behavior provided, were anger management programs utilized, and was the offender able to receive a GED or other education during incarceration (Lattimore, Barrick, Cowell, Dawes, Steffey, Tueller, & Visher, 2012, p Es-2). Those who participated in the program had longer times between arrests and fewer arrests after release from the program across all demographics. Those services associated with a longer time period before being arrested again were personal relationship counseling, criminal thinking and behavioral counseling, anger management and a solid re entry plan. These conclusions maintain the popular theory that personal development and programs that promote individual change may be more useful and successful than those which promote practical skills. This was true of female, males and juvenile offenders. Needs assessments and evaluations, reentry plans and participation in a reentry program, employment counseling, and criminal attitude and thinking counseling had no affects in any of the three groups on

Write an essay that identifies and discusses the many selective

Write an that identifies and discusses the many selective pressures leading to bipedalism in our ancestors and us - Essay Example While habitual bipedalism does not seem like the most effective and fastest form of walking and running, it portends various advantages for hominids over specific specialized quadrupedal forms. Although the reason why early hominins took a bipedal stance is not entirely clear, majority of these hypotheses propose the importance of selection pressures based on the environment in driving bipedal evolution (Sarmiento 62). As climatic conditions resulted in the recession of forests, hominins started to move out of the forests into the grassland savannas where it was essential to assume bipedalism to aid in survival. The postural feeding hypothesis seeks to assert the fact that a shared postural specialization and adaptation of apes, as well as the arboreal postures of food gathering involving vertical climbing and arm-hanging, are adequate enough to have been a selective pressure encouraging bipedalism in hominids (Sarmiento 63). The anatomy of both the australopithecine and the behavior of chimpanzees are the major points that inform this model of selective pressures towards bipedalism. For instance, at least 80% of the time that chimpanzees spend in a bipedal stance is when they are feeding, of which they use arm hanging to stabilize their posture at least 90% of the time in terminal branches of the trees, while 52% of arm-hanging occurs in the trees’ central parts (Sarmiento 63). For australopithecines, their torso form has adaptations to arm-hanging, which may infer that australopithecines adapted to selective pressures requiring arboreal fruit gathering. This specialized and early m ode of bipedalism evolved to become habitually bipedal much later. On the other hand, the behavioral model as an explanation for selection pressures resulting in hominid bipedalism concentrates on mechanisms of social behavior that influenced birthrate and survivorship. Human

Trends and Challenges in Human Resource Management Essay Example for Free

Trends and Challenges in Human Resource Management Essay a.Discuss how a complete performance management system differs from the use of annual performance appraisals. The performance management cycle begins with objective setting where the appraisee ought to be oriented about performance expectations for the given performance period. Throughout the period, performance is measured officially through the performance appraisal exercise, where the appraiser is given the chance to give performance feedback through an interview. The performance management system subsumes the performance appraisal process, and is meaningfully linked to rewards based on outcomes or results. Following all these, modifications are implemented to objectives and activities, including the drafting of an individual development plan for closing competency gaps (Clarke, Rogers, Miklos, 1996). The following section describes the different types of performance appraisal systems, which, as emphasized, is only one part of the performance management cycle. The following discusssion is being made to reiterate the idea that performance appraisal is but one part of performance management. Trait-focused appraisal systems. A trait-focused system concentrates on employees’ attributes such as their dependability, assertiveness, and friendliness. Though commonly used, trait focused performance appraisal instruments are not a good idea because they provide poor feedback and thus will not result in employee development and growth (Kingstrom Bass, 1981). For example, in a performance review meeting in which the supervisor tells an employee that she received low ratings on responsibility and friendliness, the employee is likely to become defensive. Furthermore, the employee will want specific examples the supervisor may not have available (Kingstrom Bass, 1981). Behaviour-focused performance appraisal systems. Behaviour-focused instruments focus on what an employee does. Instead of rating them on personal traits, a behaviour-focused instrument would rate him or her on specific behaviours. For example, in the case of a bank teller, some behaviours that may be rated on are as follows: â€Å"Knows customers’ names†, and â€Å"Thanks customer after each transaction.† The obvious advantage to a behaviour-focused system is the amount of specific feedback that can be given to each employee. Further, the focus on behaviour rather than traits does not only reduce employee defensiveness but reduces legal problems (Kingstrom Bass, 1981). From a legal perspective, courts are more interested in the due process afforded by a performance appraisal system that in its technical aspects. After reviewing 295 circuit court decision regarding performance appraisal, Werner Bolino (1997) concluded that performance appraisal systems are most likely to survive a legal challenge if they are based on job analysis, if raters receive training and written instructions, if employees are allowed to review results, and if ratings from multiple raters are consistent. Following the performance appraisal process is performance feedback. In organizational parlance, this is frequently referred to as performance discussions. Perhaps the most important use of performance evaluation data is to provide feedback to the employee and assess his or her strengths and weaknesses so that further training can be implemented. Although this feedback and training should be an ongoing process, the semi-annual evaluation might be the best time to formally discuss employee performance. Furthermore, holding a formal review interview places the organization on better legal ground in the event of a lawsuit (Field Holley, 1982). Normally, in most organizations a supervisor spends a few minutes with employees every six months to tell them about the scores they received during the most recent performance evaluation period. This process is probably the norm because most managers do not like to judge others; because of this dislike, they try to complete the evaluation process as quickly as possible (Field Holley, 1982).   Furthermore, seldom does evaluating employees benefit the supervisor. The best scenario is to hear no complaints, and the worst scenario is a lawsuit. In fact, one study demonstrated that dissatisfaction and a decrease in organizational commitment occurs even when an employee receives an evaluation that is â€Å"satisfactory† but not outstanding (Pearce Porter, 1986). Finally, in the â€Å"tell and sell† approach to performance appraisal interviews, a supervisor â€Å"tells† an employee everything she has done poorly and then â€Å"sells† her on the ways in which she can improve. This method, however, accomplishes little. There are certain techniques that will make the performance appraisal interview more effective, and these are discussed in the following sections. Both the supervisor and the employee must have time to prepare for the review interview. Both should be allowed at least 1 hour to prepare before an interview and at least 1 hour before the interview itself (Pearce Porter, 1986). The interview location should be a neutral place that ensures privacy and allows the supervisor and the employee to face one another without a desk between them as a communication barrier (Rhoads, 1997). Performance appraisal review interviews should be scheduled at least once every 6 months for most employees and more often for new employees. Review interviews are commonly scheduled 6 months after an employee begins working for the organization. It is important to note that while formal performance review interviews occur only twice a year, informal â€Å"progress checks† should be held throughout the year to provide feedback (Rhoads, 1997). While preparing for the interview, the supervisor should review the ratings she has assigned to the employee and the reasons for those ratings. This step is important because the quality of feedback given to employees will affect their satisfaction with the entire performance appraisal process (King, 1984). Meanwhile the employee should rate her own performance, using the same format as the supervisor. The employee also should write down specific reasons and examples that support the ratings she gives herself (King, 1984). At the outset of the interview, the supervisor should communicate the following: 1) the role of the performance appraisal – that making decisions about salary increases and terminations is not its sole purpose; 2) how the performance appraisal was conducted; and 3) how the evaluation process was accomplished. It is advisable that the supervisor also communicate her own feelings about the performance appraisal process (Kelly, 1984). The review process is probably best begun with the employee communicating her own ratings and her justification for those ratings. Research indicates that employees who are actively involved in the interview from the start will be more satisfied with the results. The supervisor then communicates his ratings and his reasons for them (King, 1984). At the conclusion of the interview, goals should be mutually set for future performance and behaviour, and both supervisor and employee should understand how these goals are met (Cederbloom, 1982). In summary, a performance management system encompasses the phases of performance planning, performance monitoring, performance feedback, and performance development. In performance planning, the goal of the superior is to ensure that all objectives, key performance indicators, and even resources for performance delivery are clear and understood. In performance monitoring, the supervisor aims to keep track of whether the employee is delivering in accordance with expectations. This is done through communication and progress tracking. The performance appraisal exercise is only one practice subsumed in this whole system, particularly under performance feedback giving. Finally, in the performance development phase, performance gaps are addressed through coaching, classsroom training, and other individual development initiatives. b.Discuss the advantages of managing turnover in organizations. Turnover has been linked with affective and continuance commitment. Each of the three distinct dimensions to organizational commitment: affective, continuance and normative commitment are defined (Meyer and Allen, 1997). 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Affective commitment – means an employee’s personal attachment and identification to the organization.   This results in a strong belief in an acceptance of the organization’s goals and values.   â€Å"Employees with a strong affective commitment continue employment with the organization because they want to do so† (Parà © and Tremblay, 2000, p. 5) 2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Continuance commitment – is a tendency to engage in consistent lines of activity based on the individual’s recognition of the â€Å"costs† associated with discontinuing the activity.  Ã‚   â€Å"Employees whose primary link to the organization is based on continuance commitment remain because they need to do so.† (Parà © and Tremblay, 2000, p. 5) 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Normative commitment – provides that employees exhibit behaviours solely because they believe it is the right and moral thing to do. â€Å"Employees with a high level of normative commitment feel that they ought to remain with the organization.† (Parà © and Tremblay, 2000, p. 5) In their findings, Parà © and Tremblay provide that affective commitment and continuance commitment are negatively related to turnover intentions (Parà © and Tremblay, 2000, p. 6).   In addition to these two distinct types of commitment affecting turnover intention, their studies also points to the factor they call Organizational Citizenship Behaviour or OCB.   OCB is considered as a key element in organizational effectiveness.   OCB is defined as â€Å"an employee’s willingness to go above and beyond the prescribed roles which they have been assigned† (Parà © and Tremblay, 2000, p. 6, quoting from Organ 1990). Based on Parà © and Tremblay’s findings, the stronger the citizenship behaviour, the more likely they are to stay in their company.   In effect, those with high turnover intentions are not as committed as those who intend to stay long with the company. The Job Characteristics Model of Hackman and Oldham (1980) show that the job characteristics of skill variety, task identity, task significance, task autonomy, and feedback   are likewise linked to management of turnover. The five core job characteristics are in continuous interaction with individual differences that evoke three critical psychological states in an employee.   These three states are: 1) when the job is structured by skill variety, task identity and task significance this could lead employees to experience meaningfulness in their work. 2) The second state, task autonomy, which leads to feelings of responsibility for the outcomes of work. 3) The third and last state is feedback, which leads employees towards knowledge of the results of their work (Douthit 2000; Huber 2000). These three critical psychological states lead to a set of affective and personal outcomes:   high internal work motivation, high growth satisfaction, high general satisfaction, high work effectiveness, and low rate of absenteeism (Mohamed 2004; Donovan and Radosevich, 1998). These affective and personal outcomes are the results of en employee’s job characteristics.   They are defined as follows: High internal work motivation – this is the degree to which an employee is willing to work and to consider the organizational objectives as part of his or her own goals (Mohamed, 2004). High growth satisfaction – this is the achievement of the employee in overcoming challenges, succeeding and growing (Steers Black, 1994) High general satisfaction – this the feeling derived from the overall satisfaction with the work itself. â€Å"This type of satisfaction is reflected mainly in decreased rates of absenteeism among employees† (Steers Black, 1994). High work effectiveness – this refers to both the quality and quantity aspects of work performance (Hackman Oldham, 1980). Low rate of absenteeism. In other words, in managing retention and in effect managing these characteristics of the job, the organization shall have more motivated, more satisfied, more effective employees (Hackman Oldham, 1980). c.Examine contemporary safety and health management issues in the workplace. Workplace Safety: Information (2007) defines workplace safety as an environment encompassing all the factors that may have impact on the welfare of the employees in terms of safety working conditions and the health of laborers. Aspects that are given priorities are the hazards found in the surroundings, workplace areas, conditions and workplace process flowcharts. Other issues among employees regarding grooming, drug and alcohol abuse, absenteeism, horseplay and tardiness, violence and work output submissions are also covered. If there is one organization monitoring the activities of the safety in the workplace, it is the Occupational Safety and Health Organization (OSHA). OSHA is focusing on three goals as its cornerstones in regulating safety practices in organizations. First, it improves the safety and health of the workers, from the top management to the bottom, to make sure that there would be less accidents, hazards, injuries, illnesses, and fatalities that will occur in the companies. Second, it operates by making changes in the workplace culture to heighten the awareness of both the employer and its workers in committing its involvement in the health and safety of the company populace. Third, it assures the security of public confidence in maintaining the delivery of OSHA’s programs and services. Looking at the federal guidelines, OSHA’s proposed programs are less tough and are user-friendly for different companies (Guastello, 1993). However, a common query among organizations is that the benefits of behaviour modification programs, such as incentives may not have lasting effects or may diminish over time (Guastello, 1993). Many agree that safety programs using incentives can be found in an existing and well-rounded comprehensive safety program. Based on OSHA, there are four elements of an effective safety and health program such as management commitment and employee involvement; worksite analysis; hazard prevention and control; and safety and health training. In all these elements of incentive programs employees’ participation can be recognised.   First, a number of employees can be heads of safety committees, worksite analyses, accident investigations and safety suggestions. Second, by assigning among them a supervisor hazard prevention and control may be strengthened since peers will follow anti-hazard rules in their workspace.Third, employees can be seen in the active attendance and participation in safety meetings through quizzes, interactive role-playing and roundtable discussions. Giving the employees the chance to participate and be recognised in effective safety programs, they would feel that it is a privilege to be part of the core group of safety culture in the family. At the same time the myriad of manuals and guidelines provided discussing safety workplace incentives will still be very useful in keeping the employees aware of the controls and measures that the company is undertaking for the welfare of the workers in general (Walker, 2007). Reduction in the number of accidents has been shown to be possible with the strict implementation of workplace behaviour modifications (Lund Aaro, 2004). Using safety incentives is just one of the ends to the ways of improving population’s safety behaviours. By introducing a safety culture scheme in the organization, individual and group motivational factors for safe behaviour, risk justification, and optimism in workplace are deemed to show great improvement (Williamson et al., 1997). In one way or another, these factors are crucial and are influenced by the reward system such as incentives by recognising the individuals who are putting their best efforts to their work and doing their jobs in a safe manner. Safety incentive programs generally have two categories: (1) injury/illness-based incentive programs and (2) behaviour-based incentive programs (Hinze, 2002). Injury/illness-based incentive programs are based on the number of times that an illness or injury is incurred and such occurrence will be the criterion in rewarding workers and crew members. The programs go along with the assumption that: (1) facilities and equipment used are in good condition and do not cause any accidents; (2) employees are given proper training and work knowledge in administering the use of office equipment; and (3) accidents are usually the results of worker’s negligence or compromise on safety (Smith, 1997). Meanwhile, behaviour-based incentive programs observe the workers in such a way that their attitude towards work is assessed. Previous studies have identified the means of measuring worker’s behaviour as a means for recognising safety performance (Duff et al., 1993). Examples of activities of behaviour that can be rewarded are active participation in safety meetings and training sessions, ability to give sound suggestions about the improvement of safety in the jobsite, proper use of personal equipment and other behaviour avoiding accidents (Geller, 1996). d.Also, include a discussion of future trends and challenges in HR management. Since the theories, approaches and practices for Human Resource Management can be traced back to Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Management, trends can be expected. Some of the recent trends that are being observed are moonlighting, human resource outsourcing, and two of Charles Handy’s organizational models – Shamrock and Federal, respectively. Moonlighting is when an employee holds dual or multiple jobs at the same time. Many employees become moonlighters if they salary they get from their primary job is not enough. Moonlighting has its advantages too. It can reduce the rate of turnovers in industries where work is routinary and it can also be a means for a company to retain their employees. The downside of moonlighting is that the company risks losing confidential information to competitors. It can also lead to absenteeism due to exhaustion and burnout from both jobs (Tett Meyer, 1993). Outsourcing is one of the latest additions to the trends in human resource management. An organization seeks out sub contractual employees for either product design or manufacturing from a third-party organization at a lower cost. Outsourcing is good for small to medium-sized organizations that are growth oriented since it can provide the owners free time to focus on developing strategies to gain competitive edge (Ulrich, 1997). It can also help transform the business by increasing the flexibility of the organization to meet the changing conditions, demands for products and services and technologies. It also makes the experts available for you. By outsourcing experts, you are able to improve your risk management and control over the business. Your credibility can also be improved since you do have the best in the field working for you. You also gain a network by associating your organization to the provider. Charles Handy’s organizational models are being practiced by enterprises depending on the nature of their industry (Armstrong, 2003). With these models, organizations can be flexible with their organizational structure in order to ensure their competitive edge. The Shamrock model or clover model consist of three main levels that represent a different type of organizational objectives: the core, the contractual fringe, and the flexible workforce. The core is basically the thinking part of the model. They are the ones that possess the most knowledge about the field and are the most paid. The contractual fringe is the part of the model that provides materials and service inputs to the core. The flexible workforce is responsible for the workload itself. Though these three workforces or parts need to be managed separately and differently, the organization has three different parts with varying responsibilities and expectations and yet work to achieve the same goal. In the Federal model, power is distributed and it is about building high commitment, professional organizations. The federal is a bit complex. It is decentralized but at the same time centralized when the situations calls for it. It is a system of small core organizations with much focused core competencies sustained by many resources available to them. It is also believed that in order to improve productivity a strong social agreement between the organization and the union and a good social welfare system is a must. Although more and more trends come to pass to keep up with the changes, more and more conflicting issues arise too. Selecting who to hire is becoming a more complex task. Training and developments are hard to keep up with since more technological improvements are made and competition is getting stiffer by the minute. Maintaining current employees is proving to be one of the top human resource managers’ problems, since more organizations try to outdo each other in regards to the compensation and benefits they offer to their would-be and existing employees. Diversity within the workplace is posing to be a relevant issue for the human resource department (Chen, 2007). Motivation and loyalty of employees is a perennial contemporary issue for the human resource manager. Mergers, acquisition, turnovers, and consolidation happen more often, and throughout all these, strategic human resource management is necessary to ensure continued delivery of objectives amidst turbulent change. 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